Strains
Definition
A strain is when a muscle becomes overstretched and tears. This painful injury, also called a "pulled muscle," can be caused by an accident, improper use of a muscle, or overuse of a muscle.
Alternative Names
Pulled muscle
Causes
- Excessive physical activity or effort
- Improperly warming up before a physical activity
- Poor flexibility
Symptoms
- Pain and difficulty moving the injured muscle
- Discolored and bruised skin
- Swelling
First Aid
- Apply ice immediately to reduce swelling. Wrap the ice in cloth -- avoid using ice directly on the skin. Apply ice for 10 to 15 minutes every 1 hour for the first day. Then, every 3 to 4 hours.
- Use ice for the first 3 days. After that, either heat or ice may be helpful.
- Rest the pulled muscle for at least a day. If possible, keep the pulled muscle elevated above the level of the heart.
- Avoid using a strained muscle while it is still painful. When the pain subsides, start activity slowly and in moderation.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
- You are unable to move the muscle.
- The injury is bleeding.
Call your doctor if the pain does not go away after several weeks.
Prevention
- Warm-up properly before exercise and sports.
- Keep your muscles strong and flexible.
References
DeLee JC, Drez D Jr, Miller MD, eds. DeLee and Drez’s Orthopaedic Sports Medicine.
2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 2003.
Frontera, WR, Silver JK, eds. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Hanley & Belfus; 2002.
Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, eds. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice.
5th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2002.
Review Date: 5/6/2007
Reviewed By: Thomas N. Joseph, MD, Private Practice specializing in Orthopaedics, subspecialty Foot and Ankle, Camden Bone & Joint, Camden, SC. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
